Alexi

1. Know the design patterns of your product（知道你产品的设计规范）

Most products develop design patterns over time, whether planned or not. Patterns are the consistent use of the same visual and interactive components in your product. All text on buttons are font-size 25px, all forms must be no more than 3 fields, every time an error happens we will make an explosion sound and send the user an email with the details — these are all patterns.
大多数产品会随着时间的推移发展设计规范，无论计划与否。规范坚持使用你产品中相同的视觉与交互组建。所有按钮上的文字大小26px，所有表单不能超过3个字段，每当出现bug我们会有发出明显的声响，并向用户发送错误细节——这些都是规范。

Knowing your product’s patterns are critical in understanding how users map your product in their minds, and how they can effectively be given new features over time. If you usually give users a green button saying “Add New Feature” when you launch something, and this time you switch to an orange button that says “Blow your mind”, you will confuse the shit out of people.
了解你的产品规范是理解用户如何在他们的大脑里映射你的产品的关键，以及随着时间如何有效的赋予他们新特性。如果你总是提供给用户一个“增加新功能”的绿色按钮当你发送某些东西，并且这个时候，你改变成一个“大吃一惊“橙色按钮，你会把人搞糊涂。

As a product grows, consistent use of patterns becomes even more important because they enable teams to work independently of each other but still build a product that feels cohesive.
随着产品成长，坚持使用规范变得十分重要，因为他们能促使一个团队每人独立运作，还依然建立具有凝聚感的产品。

Design patterns are also usually developed in harmony with technical patterns, like style guides and components, which are basically libraries of re-useable code that speed up teams because they don’t have to re-design or re-implement the same functionality again.
设计规范通常与技术模式协调发展，比如样式指南和组件，它们基本上是可重用代码的库，可以加快团队的速度，因为团队不需要重新设计或重新实现相同的功能。

Fastest way to learn — Talk to your designer, they should know these patterns cold and (hopefully) be able to give you links to a style guide. Also talk to your front-end engineers, they can equivalently give you links to a pattern library.
快速学习方法：与你的设计师沟通，他们知道这些规范很冷（酷？）并且（希望如此）能给你一个视觉指导的链接。同样与你的前端沟通，他们能相同给你规范库的链接。

How does this make you a better PM? — Plainly put, designing products on pattern is far easier and faster. They let you stand on the shoulders of design decisions your team made in the past, decisions that result in a product that’s easier for customers to use. If you ever need to break existing patterns - to be clear there sometimes good reasons to do so - be prepared with very good reasons why it’s necessary for the long term health of the product.
这将如何让你成为一个更好的产品经理？——坦率来讲，按照规范设计产品更简单也更快。它们让你站在过去团队做出的设计决策的肩膀上。如果你需要打破现在的规范——清楚有时候这样做是有充分理由的——准备好足够的理由说明为什么它对团队的长期健康是必要的。

2. Know how to execute user experience research（了解应该如何进行设计研究）

PMs are supposed to be the voice of the customer. If you don’t understand your users, you will never build great products. From interviewing a single person face to face, to quantitatively analyzing millions of user actions, understanding the basics of good research are imperative to your job.
产品经理应该是客户的声音。如果你不了解自己的用户，你就永不会做出伟大产品。从面对面与单个用户访谈，到定量分析百万用户行为，掌握基本的研究方式是你的工作所必要的。

Fastest way to learn — Effective research is a very big field, so instead of sending you into the rabbit hole, I recommend you focus on understand the following:
快速学习方法：有效的研究方法是一个很大的领域，而不是把你送进兔子洞里（前文所说的三个专业领域的交界处，作者认为学完整个三个板块是不现实的，像掉到兔子洞里无法出来）我建议你关注以下几点：

• Understand Sample Size and how to calculate statistical significance
  了解样本量以及如何计算统计数据

• How to normalize your sample and why that’s important
  如何标准化你的样本，知道为什么那很重要

• How to ask unbiased, non-leading questions in surveys and interviews
  如何在调查和访谈中问出不带偏见的、非领导性的问题

• How to synthesize results and avoid bad conclusions
  如何综合结果，避免不好的结论

How does this make you a better PM? — By consistently and frequently testing your product with customers, you can take away a lot of the guesswork (and risk) in product development. Before a project even starts, you should be testing to validate that the problem you think you’re trying to solve really is one. While you’re designing and building, you should be testing that the product’s design is easy to use and is likely to solve the customer problem. After launching, you should be validating that the problem was solved for the customers you wanted to solve it for.
这将如何让你成为一个更好的产品经理？——通过与客户同步且频繁的测试产品，你能够消除产品开发中诸多的猜测（和风险）。在一个项目开始之前，你应该测试，来验证你想解决的问题确实是一个问题。当你在设计和开发时，你应该测试产品的设计是否简洁易用并且可能解决用户的问题。发布之后，你应该验证用户的问题是否被解决，像你想解决的那样。

3. Know how to prototype your ideas（学习如何将你的想法变成原型）

Prototyping in this context means being able to create visual mockups that can effectively express your ideas. They need to be good enough so that you can:
在这种情况下原型意味着能够创造视觉模型来有效的表达你的观点，它们必须足够优秀以至于你可以：

Communicate a product concept clearly
清晰的表达一个产品概念

It is incredibly difficult to communicate a product experience verbally or in writing. A prototype, something people can see and preferably interact with (you can do this without code), is 10x more effective.
口头或书面沟通一个产品体验是非常困难的。一个原型，人们可以看到并且最好可以互动（你可以不用代码做到），这要效率10倍

There are two reasons for this: first, it forces the articulation of the product in terms of what customers will actually interact with, and second, because humans naturally think visually, a prototype levels the playing field so that everyone on the team can speak the same language and give their points of view effectively.
有两个理由：第一，它关注用户实际在哪些方面和产品有结合，第二，因为人类天生具有视觉思维能力，一个原型就能创造公平的竞争环境，这样团队中的每个人都能说同样的语言，并能有效地表达自己的观点。

Unblock a team when design is behind or absent
当设计落后或缺失时解决团队麻烦

In most projects, it is important that the product’s design is ahead of development. Designers try to “stay ahead of the devs” because the switching costs for developers is much higher once they start building the product in a particular direction.
在大多数项目中，产品的设计优先于开发是很重要的。设计师试图“保持领先于开发”，因为一旦开发人员开始朝着特定的方向开发产品，他们的转换成本就会高得多。

Because so much of product design is iterative and done in parallel with the build, when there’s a setback (e.g. user research says the design is not effective) design can quickly fall behind. It’s in those situations that a PM must be able to roll up her sleeves and be a “design intern” for the lead designer, helping to push pixels and ship mockups so the engineers can continue the build.
因为很多产品设计是迭代的，并且是在开发过程中并行完成的，当遇到挫折时(例如用户研究认为设计是无效的)，设计可能很快就会落后。在这种情况下，产品经理必须能够卷起袖子，成为首席设计师的“设计实习生”，帮助推进像素和交付模型，以便工程师可以继续开发。

Fastest way to learn — I won’t spend time justifying this, but just start using Sketch, it’s like MS paint and Photoshop had a baby and it’s awesome.
快速学习方法：我不会花时间来证明这个，但只要开始使用Sketch（推荐墨刀），它就像MS paint和PS的宝宝，非常棒。

How does this make you a better PM? — By prototyping and showing people what you’re thinking instead assuming they understand, you will get better feedback from your team on your ideas, and reduce the risk that mis-communication leads to wasted effort. Also, it’s nice to be able to actually produce something tangible once in a while.
这将如何让你成为一个更好的产品经理？——通过原型向人们设计展示你想法，而不是假设他们理解，你会从你的团队那里得到关于你想法的更好体验，并且减少缺乏沟通导致精力浪费的风险。而且，偶尔能制造出一些有形的东西也不错。

4. Where you shouldn’t focus（你不需要关注的地方）

Don’t focus on being a great visual designer. Your ability to make a slick looking interface is redundant and disempowering to someone who’s spent a career learning the deep craft that is product design. Unless you’re design savant (to be clear there are some), you also probably just think you’re good, and you actually suck.
不要关注成为一个厉害的视觉设计师。对于那些花费职业生涯学习产品设计这门深度工艺的人来说，你的能力用来制作漂亮界面是多余和无用的。除非你是设计专家（需要明确确实有一些），否则你可能只是认为自己很优秀，实际上你很烂。

MVPM

I don’t want to trivialize learning all this stuff. It’s not easy, and it takes a lot of time, so tackle it bit by bit and enjoy what you’re learning. I hope this helps you be a little more efficient in your quest to be a great, if minimally viable, product manager.
我不想轻视学习这些东西。这并不容易，而且要花很多时间，所以要一点一点地解决它，享受你所学的东西。我希望这能帮助你在成为一名伟大的产品经理的过程中更加高效，一点帮助也行。